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Structure your business to raise capital from the public

For ventures that plan large fundraising, listing or broad shareholding, we set up the company and its governance from day one.

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What a public limited company is Documents required Incorporation steps Heavier governance Public vs private Common questions

What a public limited company is

A public limited company can invite the public to subscribe to its shares or debentures, and its shares can be freely transferred. It is the structure used by listed businesses and by companies that expect many shareholders.

Core requirements

At least three directors and seven members, with no upper limit
At least one director resident in India
No minimum capital in law, though raising public money has its own rules
Name ends with Limited
Free transfer of shares

Advantages

Access to public capital through an IPO
Wide pool of shareholders and liquidity for investors
Strong market visibility and reputation
Limited liability for every member

Documents required

PAN, Aadhaar and address proof of all directors and subscribers
Passport photographs and digital signatures for directors
Registered office proof with a recent utility bill
Declarations and consents from directors
Memorandum and articles of association
Details of share capital and subscribers

Incorporation steps

DSC and DINDirectors obtain digital signatures and identification numbers.
Name approvalThe proposed name is checked and reserved.
Draft constitutionMOA and AOA are prepared to match your plans.
File with the ROCIncorporation forms and declarations are submitted online.
Certificate and PAN/TANYou receive the CIN and tax numbers and can open a bank account.

Heavier governance

Board strength

Minimum three directors, with independent directors for prescribed classes.

Key personnel

Company secretary and other key managerial persons when thresholds apply.

Committees

Audit and nomination committees may be needed above set limits.

Public offering rules

Prospectus, disclosures and securities-law compliance for fundraising.

Annual meeting and audit

AGM, filings with the ROC and statutory audit every year.

Listed company duties

Additional disclosures if the shares are listed on an exchange.

Thresholds, fees and rules are set by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs and other regulators and change by notification. We confirm the current position before filing.

Public vs private

	Public Limited	Private Limited
Members	At least 7, no cap	2 to 200
Directors	At least 3	At least 2
Raising from public	Allowed	Not allowed
Share transfer	Free	Restricted by articles
Compliance	Highest	Moderate

Common questions

Must I list on a stock exchange?

No. A public company can remain unlisted.

Can I start as private and convert later?

Yes. Many companies start private and convert when they are ready.

Is it suitable for a small startup?

Usually not. The compliance load is high for early-stage businesses.